Me ka PlayStation 5 a me ka Xbox Series X e hiki koke mai ana, nui ka poʻe ma waho e manaʻo nei e hana i kahi hoʻonui nui. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia o nā ʻoliʻoli ʻelua, ma ke ʻano o ka mana CPU a me GPU ma muli o ka hāmeʻa a lākou e hoʻohana ai. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻoliʻoli ʻelua a puni nā AMD SoCs semi-custom, e hui pū ana i nā cores Zen 2 CPU a me RDNA2 GPUs no kahi lele hanauna maoli. Akā pehea ka hana ʻana o kēia silika? ʻAʻole ʻo SoCs he ʻāpana wale nō e hoʻokomo ʻia i kāu PlayStation a i ʻole Xbox ma ka laina hui. Nui ka noʻonoʻo, hoʻoikaika, a me ka hana e hana ai i kēlā me kēia chip. E luʻu hohonu kākou a e ʻimi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka console silicon.
ʻO wai ka mea hana maoli i ka console silicon? ʻAʻole maʻalahi e like me kou manaʻo
Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻomaka kākou me ka who. ʻO wai ka mea e hana i nā SoC ma ka puʻuwai o kēlā me kēia PlayStation 5 a me Xbox Series X a me Series S e ʻōwili i ka laina hana? ʻAʻole kuleana nā mea hana console. ʻAʻole ʻo Sony a me Microsoft i ka ʻoihana hana semiconductor. ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana AMD ʻelua, no laila e noʻonoʻo pono ʻoe e hana ana ʻo AMD i nā chips. Akā ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. Ua loaʻa i ka AMD kāna waihona silika ponoʻī a hiki i ka 8 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā i hemo loa ai mai GlobalFoundries. ʻO AMD ka mea i kapa ʻia he mea hana silika "fabless". ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēlā me nā typos ʻelua. ʻAʻole hana maoli nā mea hana Fabless i kekahi mea iā lākou iho. ʻO nā mea hana Fabless e like me AMD, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, a me nā chipsets design Apple.
Hana lākou i ka hana ʻenekinia e kūkulu i nā ʻāpana e kū ana i ka hana, ke kumu kūʻai, a me nā pahuhopu kūpono. A laila hoʻopaʻa lākou i nā kuleana hana i kahi mea hana silika. ʻO TSMC ka AMD i koho ʻia a, e like me ka inoa (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) e hōʻike nei, aia lākou i ke keʻena nui ma Taiwan me nā mea hoʻokumu ma ka honua. ʻO TSMC ke kolu o ka nui loa o ka honua. ʻO nā mea nui ʻelua, ʻo Intel a me Samsung, ua hoʻohui piha i nā kaulahao lako. Hana ʻo Samsung i nā mea āpau mai ke kūkulu ʻana i ka silika a hoʻokomo iā ia i kāna kelepona ponoʻī.
ʻO nā ʻāpana console semi-custom AMD kekahi o nā kauoha nui loa a TSMC e lawelawe ai: Ma luna o 150 miliona PlayStation 4 a me Xbox One i kūʻai ʻia i nā makahiki 7 i hala. ʻO ia ka nui o nā chips AMD i hana ʻia e TSMC. Akā ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o TSMC a puni i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi PlayStation 5 a i ʻole Xbox Series X SoC, pono e mālama ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā, ua manaʻo ʻoe, AMD.
Hoʻolālā chip semi-custom: hoʻohana i ka mea kahiko i nā ala hou
ʻO nā APU e mana ana i ka PlayStation 5 a me ka Xbox Series X he mau pahu semicustom. Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻelua kahi moʻolelo o ka bandying i kēlā huaʻōlelo a puni. Akā he aha ke ʻano o ia mea?
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi SoC maʻamau he hana nui. Hiki ke lilo i mau haneli miliona a ʻoi aku paha. Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻoe e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi core CPU hou, kahi GPU hou, I/O connectivity, a me ka substrate e paʻa i nā mea āpau. ʻO ka hopena, liʻiliʻi nā mea hana SoC i hoʻolālā maoli i nā chips maʻamau, pau i ka hopena. Hana ʻo Apple i kēia a ʻo NVIDIA's Tegra X1 Denver kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo nā SoC maʻamau piha ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ke kānāwai.
Lawe nā SoC Semi-custom i nā hoʻolālā chip i loaʻa a hoʻohui iā lākou i nā ala hou. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai me ka SoC ma ka PlayStation 5 a me ka Xbox Series X. Hoʻohana kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i ka hoʻolālā CPU Zen 2 o AMD a me kāna RDNA2 GPU. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻo Zen 2 i nā huahana hoʻouna, ʻo ia hoʻi ka AMD's Ryzen 3000 series consumer CPUs a me kā lākou EPYC Rome server lineup. ʻO RDNA2, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia i kahi huahana hoʻouna. Akā ʻo AMD's RX 6000 "Big Navi" GPU, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kahi hōʻike ʻo ʻOkakopa 2020, hiki ke pip i ka PlayStation 5 a me Xbox Series X ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana RDNA2 mua.
ʻAʻole like me nā CPU a me nā GPU, ʻo kahi SoC kahi ʻōnaehana kūʻokoʻa ma kahi chip, me nā mea āpau i hui pū ʻia ma ka make hoʻokahi: ʻo ka GPU, CPU, substrate, I/O, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻopili pū ʻia. No ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana neʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o TSMC i kahi SoC no ʻoe, ma mua o kahi CPU kaʻawale a me GPU.
He kuleana nui nā mea hana console i kēia manawa i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o SoC a lākou e makemake ai e kūkulu. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau kumu ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka nui make - ka nui o kēlā me kēia chip SoC - pili pono i ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Hiki i nā make nui ke hoʻokomo i nā hoʻolālā CPU a me GPU nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mana hou aku. Eia nō naʻe, unuhi kēia i nā thermals kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohana mana. Hana ka hui hoʻolālā o AMD me nā koi mea hana console e noʻonoʻo e hele mai me nā hoʻolālā semi-custom console SoC e kūlike i ka manaʻo o ka mea hana console e pili ana i ka hana, ke kumukūʻai, ka nui o ka make, a me nā koi mana.
Hana ka hale hana i nā ʻāpana: e like me ka paʻi ʻana i nā palapala, koe naʻe ke ala ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī
Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻolālā, hana ka mea hana fabless me ka foundry (TSMC i kēia hihia) e kiʻi maoli i nā chips. ʻO ka hana ʻana o SoC e like me ka paʻi ʻana, koe wale nō ka paʻakikī. Hāʻawi ʻo AMD i kā lākou hoʻolālā kaapuni no ka SoC me TSMC. A laila, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo photolithography, hoʻopaʻa ka foundry i kēlā hoʻolālā, me nā piliona transistors ma luna o kahi wafer silicon. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Doping, kahi hana e hoʻololi ai i nā mea haumia e hoʻololi i ka conductivity o ke silika, e hana i nā ʻāpana microscopic o unipolarity, i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā puka logic, a laila i loko o nā transistors. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻolālā kaʻapuni i ka foundry, a hiki i nā transistors he nanometer a puni, a paʻi ʻia ma ke silikona me ka lithography. He pipiʻi loa ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana lithographic. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole 100 pākēneka nā hua - ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia make ke hana me nā ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia PlayStation 5 a i ʻole Xbox Series X SoC.
Ka hopena: Hoʻokomo i ka chip i loko o ka console
ʻO ka SoC, ka puʻuwai kuʻi o ka console e hana i nā hana āpau, hana ʻia e TSMC. Hoʻopili ʻo Microsoft a me Sony i nā chips SoC i loko o nā chassis console a hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka waiho ʻana a me ka hopena hoʻomaha. E hui pū a loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi console iwa-gen.
