Nrog rau PlayStation 5 thiab Xbox Series X tau npaj yuav los txog sai sai, ntau ntawm koj tawm muaj qhov zoo li tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Lub peev xwm txhim kho loj heev ntawm ob lub consoles, hais txog CPU thiab GPU muaj peev xwm yog qhov loj vim tias cov khoom siv lawv leverage. Ob lub consoles tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig kev cai AMD SoCs, sib txuas Zen 2 CPU cores thiab RDNA2 GPUs rau qhov tseeb tiam dhau los. Tab sis li cas raws nraim qhov no silicon tsim? SoCs tsis yog ib feem uas tau txais slotted rau hauv koj lub PlayStation lossis Xbox ntawm kab sib dhos. Muaj ntau qhov kev xav, kev siv zog, thiab kev ua haujlwm uas nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim txhua lub nti. Cia wb mus dhia dej tob thiab tshawb xyuas seb console silicon yog tsim li cas.
Leej twg tiag tiag tsim console silicon? Nws tsis yog ncaj nraim li koj xav
Ua ntej peb mus rau hauv yuav ua li cas ntawm manufacturing cia peb pib nrog leej twg. Leej twg ua SoCs nyob rau hauv plawv ntawm txhua PlayStation 5 thiab Xbox Series X thiab Series S uas yob tawm ntawm txoj kab tsim khoom? Cov console manufacturers tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm. Tsis yog Sony lossis Microsoft tsis nyob hauv kev lag luam semiconductor fabrication. Ob leeg ntawm no yog AMD qhov chaw, yog li koj yuav xav tias muaj tseeb tias AMD tsim cov chips. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb. AMD tau siv los muaj nws tus kheej silicon foundry txog li 8 xyoo dhau los, thaum nws tag nrho divested los ntawm GlobalFoundries. AMD yog qhov hu ua "fabless" silicon chaw tsim khoom. Tsis yog, qhov ntawd tsis zoo heev nrog ob peb typos. Fabless manufacturers tsis tau tsim dab tsi lawv tus kheej. Fabless manufacturers zoo li AMD, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, thiab Apple tsim chipsets.
Lawv ua cov txheej txheem engineering los tsim cov chips uas ntaus kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi, thiab cov hom phiaj ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau cog lus tsim lub luag haujlwm rau lub chaw tsim khoom silicon. TSMC yog AMD lub chaw tsim khoom xaiv thiab, raws li lub npe (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) qhia, lawv tau nyob hauv Taiwan nrog cov chaw tsim khoom thoob plaws ntiaj teb. TSMC yog lub ntiaj teb thib peb-loj tshaj foundry. Qhov loj tshaj ob, Intel thiab Samsung, muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas. Samsung, tshwj xeeb, ua txhua yam los ntawm lub tsev silicon kom muab tso rau hauv nws lub xov tooj.
AMD's semi-kev cai console chips yog cov loj tshaj plaws ntim xaj uas TSMC tuav: Tshaj 150 lab PlayStation 4 thiab Xbox Ib units tau muag dhau 7 xyoo dhau los. Qhov ntawd yog ntau AMD chips uas TSMC tau tsim. Tab sis ua ntej TSMC tuaj yeem mus ncig los tsim PlayStation 5 lossis Xbox Series X SoC, cov txheej txheem tsim yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm, koj twv nws, AMD.
Semi-kev cai nti tsim: siv cov qub hauv txoj kev tshiab
Lub APUs uas muaj zog rau PlayStation 5 thiab Xbox Series X yog semicustom chips. Ob lub tuam txhab muaj keeb kwm ntawm bandying lo lus nyob ib puag ncig. Tab sis nws txhais li cas tiag?
Tsim ib qho kev cai ua tiav SoC yog ib qho haujlwm loj heev. Nws tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau pua lab daus las lossis ntau dua. Koj tab tom tham txog kev tsim cov tub ntxhais CPU tshiab, GPU tshiab, I / O kev sib txuas, thiab txawm tias lub substrate uas tuav txhua yam ua ke. Yog li ntawd, ob peb lub tuam txhab SoC tiag tiag tsim cov chips kev cai tag nrho, xaus rau qhov kawg. Apple ua qhov no thiab NVIDIA qhov tsis meej Tegra X1 Denver yog lwm qhov piv txwv, tab sis kev cai SoCs tag nrho yog qhov zam, tsis yog txoj cai.
Semi-kev cai SoCs coj cov qauv nti uas twb muaj lawm thiab muab tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev tshiab. Qhov no yog qhov peb pom nrog SoC ntawm PlayStation 5 thiab Xbox Series X. Ob qho ntawm cov khoom no leverage AMD's Zen 2 CPU tsim thiab nws RDNA2 GPU. Zen 2 twb tau siv rau hauv kev xa khoom, uas yog AMD's Ryzen 3000 series cov neeg siv khoom siv CPUs thiab lawv cov EPYC Rome server lineup. RDNA2, nruj me ntsis hais lus, tseem tsis tau ua nws mus rau cov khoom xa tuaj. Tab sis AMD's RX 6000 "Big Navi" GPU, uas tau teeb tsa rau lub Kaum Hli 2020 nthuav tawm, tej zaum yuav pip PlayStation 5 thiab Xbox Series X raws li thawj qhov kev xa khoom RDNA2.
Tsis zoo li nrog CPUs thiab GPUs, SoC yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub nti, nrog txhua yam kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho kev tuag: GPU, CPU, substrate, I / O, thiab nco tag nrho ua ke. Vim tias muaj tsawg dua qhov txav mus los, nws feem ntau siv nyiaj ntau dua kom muaj TSMC tsim SoC rau koj, tsis yog cais CPU thiab GPU.
Cov tuam txhab console ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no hauv kev txiav txim siab txog hom SoC lawv xav tau tsim. Muaj ntau yam los ua si ntawm no. Tuag loj - qhov loj ntawm txhua SoC nti - ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ib chav tsev. Cov tuag loj dua tuaj yeem ua raws li CPU loj dua thiab GPU tsim, uas txhais tau tias muaj zog dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj txhais tau rau cov thermals siab dua thiab siv zog ntau dua. AMD tus tsim pab neeg ua hauj lwm nrog console chaw tsim tshuaj paus yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab los mus nrog ib tug kev cai console SoC tsim uas phim lub console txiag qhov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, nqi, tuag loj, thiab lub hwj chim yuav tsum tau.
Lub foundry tsim cov chips: zoo li luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, tsuas yog txoj kev nyuaj dua
Thaum tus tsim raug kaw lawm, cov chaw tsim khoom fabless ua haujlwm nrog lub chaw tsim khoom (TSMC hauv qhov no) kom tau txais cov chips ua. SoC kev tsim khoom yog ntau yam zoo li luam ntawv, tsuas yog infinitely complex. AMD qhia lawv cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob rau SoC nrog TSMC. Thiab, tom qab ntawd, siv cov txheej txheem hu ua photolithography, qhov chaw tsim khoom tsim, nrog ntau txhiab tus transistors mus rau wafer ntawm silicon. Doping, txheej txheem los ntawm impurities uas hloov cov conductivity ntawm silicon, yog siv los tsim microscopic cheeb tsam ntawm unipolarity, uas tsim rau hauv logic rooj vag, thiab ces mus rau hauv transistors. Lub foundry siv ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Circuit Court tsim, mus rau transistors uas yog nanometers thoob plaws, thiab luam tawm ntawm silicon siv lithography. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem lithographic yog kim heev. Ntxiv mus, yields tsis yog 100 feem pua - tsis yog txhua tus tuag ua rau nws los ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ua haujlwm tag nrho. Ua ke, cov no thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm txhua PlayStation 5 lossis Xbox Series X SoC.
Xaus: Muab cov nti tso rau hauv lub console
Lub SoC, lub plawv dhia ntawm lub console uas ua txhua yam haujlwm, yog tsim los ntawm TSMC. Microsoft thiab Sony lo SoC chips rau hauv console chassis thiab sib sau ua ke lwm yam khoom, suav nrog kev cia khoom thiab cov kua txias. Muab tag nrho ua ke thiab koj tau txais cuaj-gen console.
