Ngaphambi kokuthi singene “empikiswaneni” yakamuva ezungeze iNintendo, ake sibheke kafushane ukuthi yini abanye abantu abadidekile ngayo ne-House of Mario. Okokuqala, u-Nintendo ungenelele ukuze akhansele umqhudelwano we-Big House Super Smash Bros. owawuzoba ngoDisemba 4-5. Isizathu? Abagqugquzeli bomqhudelwano bakhethe ukuguqula i-Big House 2020 baye kokuhlangenwe nakho okuku-inthanethi kuphela maqondana nama-oda ahlukahlukene wokuvalelwa asetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze kube lula lolu shintsho oluya emqhudelwaneni osuselwe ku-inthanethi, abahleli banqume ukusebenzisa ucezu lwe-netcode olubizwa nge-Slippi ukuze badlale. Super Smash Bros. Melee ku-inthanethi. Nansi inkinga: USlippi akagunyazwanga uNintendo futhi akahlangene ngakho inkampani yadonsa ipulaki ezinhlelweni zeThe Big House.
— The Big House (@TheBigHouseSSB) November 19, 2020
Ukuqhubekela phambili, umklami ogama lakhe lingu-Alex “CptnAlex” Blake uqoqe imali engaphezu kuka-$10,000 ohlelweni lokusiza abasweleyo ehlonipha ukudlula emhlabeni kwesazi se-YouTube u-Desmond “Etika” Amofah, owazibulala ngokudabukisayo ngo-2019. UBlake waklama amabhokisi e-Joy-Con ayethengisa ngesitolo sakhe sakwa-Etsy, ngasinye sinegama elithi “Joycon Boyz” kanye nelogo ye-Switch. Ngenkathi uBlake wayesekwazile ukuthengisa amayunithi angama-300, angama-200 ekugcineni kwadingeka ukuthi achithwe lapho uNintendo esethumele umklami ukuthi ayeke futhi ayeke i-oda lokwephulwa kwezimpawu zokuthengisa.
Umkhankaso wokuqala awuphumelelanga.
Umkhankaso wesibili ube yimpumelelo.
Isitoko esisele samaJoycons besithengiswa i-Etsy yami kusukela ngonyaka odlule.
UNintendo ungithumele ukuthi ngiyeke futhi ngiyeke ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Nasi isithombe sami ngiphethe umgqomo wawo wonke amagobolondo angeke ngisakwazi ukuwadayisa pic.twitter.com/ytdWzObh9x
- CptnAlex (@Cptn_Alex) December 7, 2020
Ekugcineni, UNintendo useqalile ukuthumela izaziso zokwehliswa eziteshini ezihlukene ze-YouTube abasebenzisa umculo wemidlalo eyahlukene ye-Nintendo, futhi okwephula amalungelo ophawu lwenkampani. Ukukhala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kube kubi ngokubikezelwa kuNintendo, abaningi bekhala ngalokho abakubona kuyikho njengenkampani engenzi kahle kubalandeli nakubadali bokuqukethwe.
Ngalokho, sonke sibambeke ngokuthi “kungani” ukuthi laba balandeli bacasukile, ngakho manje ake sihlehle. Zonke lezi zenzo uNintendo azithathile zizungeza odabeni olufanayo: ukwephulwa kophawu lokuhweba. Impahla yobuhlakani yinto enkulu. Abantu basebenza kanzima ukuze bathuthukise imibono, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi into esunguliwe, iqhawe elinamandla, uhlelo lwe-TV, nanoma iyiphi indalo engaba khona, bese belindela ukuba balawule ngokusemthethweni into abayikhiqizile. Nakuba uNintendo engeyena neze umuntu—kuyinhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, ngemva kwakho konke—amaphuzu anqwabelene e-IP athuthukiswe inkampani ayimpahla yayo. U-Super Mario kanye ne-The Legend of Zelda akuzona ezasebukhosini. Ukuthi izigidi zabantu zikhonze ukudalwa kwe-Nintendo akungabazeki, kodwa ukuthanda uchungechunge akukwenzi kube yimpahla ku-Creative Commons.
Kulapho intukuthelo eningi evela kubantu abaku-inthanethi iqala khona ukungabi nangqondo. E-United States, kunemfundiso yomthetho ebizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okufanele okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi. Ukusetshenziswa kuchazwa kabanzi ngokuthi ngelezinjongo “zokuguqula”; ukufundisa, ukuhlekisa, ukugxeka, nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo zezicelo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengokusetshenziswa okufanele ngaphansi komthetho we-copyright. Yini engalungile ukusetshenziswa? Nokho, kuncike kummeli wakho, ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ngokuvamile uma ungena ku-YouTube futhi ulayishe yonke ingoma ephuma kugeyimu yevidiyo, noma udale okufakiwe okusha ochungechungeni lwegeyimu yevidiyo, noma wenze amagobolondo e-Joy-Con asebenzisa i-Joy- I-Con branding negama, lokho kuzobonwa ngumthetho njengokwephulwa kwe-copyright.
Okunye kwalokhu kubilisa kulokho abaningi abangase bakubone njengokuhlukana kwezinwele. Ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi kuba njalo, ngezigidi zamaRandi ezichithwa minyaka yonke emacaleni ezama ukunquma ukuthi ubani olungile kuye ngokusetshenziswa okuthile kocezu lwezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi. Kwabanye abalandeli, kungase kubonakale sengathi izinkampani ezinjengoNintendo zishaya phansi, noma ziphonsa isisindo sazo nxazonke, lapho zithumela ukuthi ziyeke futhi ziyeke ama-oda. Yini ingozi yokufaka ingoma ku-inthanethi? Kungani uvimba umuntu ekuqoqeni imali yenhlangano esiza abantulayo? Yonke lena imibuzo esemthethweni okufanele ibuzwe, kodwa izizathu uNintendo kanye nabanye abanamalungelo e-IP abangenakubalwa bakhetha ukuguquguqula imisipha yabo yezomthetho ziningi futhi akukho okumele bazithathe kalula.
Endabeni yamagobolondo ka-Blake's Joy-Con, umuntu angase acabange ukuthi ukwenza okuthile ukuze kuhlonishwe u-Etika nokuzama ukuqongelela imali yezinhlangano ezisiza abasweleyo kufanele kukwenze kube yinto engenangqondo ukushiya kahle wedwa. Kodwa-ke, abaningi abalahlekelwa wumbono wakho ukuthi isimo esisebenza ngaso sinezingibe eziningi ezahlukene inkampani efana neNintendo okufanele iyilinganise. Lesi yisikhathi lapho ukuba necala ngokuhlanganyela kuyinkinga enkulu. UBlake wesibili (ngokuqagela) bekumele enze okuthile okuzomcasula, uNintendo usemanzini ashisayo ngokuzumayo ngezinsolo zokuthi usekela imibono yakhe… ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile ngaphandle kokugunyaza amagobolondo e-Joy-Con. Icala langempela alinandaba ngo-2020; okubalulekile kunalokho ukuthi isixuku sabantu abathukuthele ku-Twitter simemezele ukuthi banecala. Ziningi ezinye izingozi okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphandle kwalesi sibonelo. Isibonelo, uma abalandeli bebenesikhalazo mayelana namagobolondo ngokwawo (ukwakheka kwawo, ikhwalithi yawo, njll.) bekungeke kube nandaba ukuthi uNintendo akawenzanga ngempela—abasebenzi benkampani abasebenzela amakhasimende bebezofaka izikhalazo ezingapheli kungakhathaliseki. Ukuphoqelela umthetho we-copyright ngokuvamile kumayelana nokweqa okungenangqondo njengoba kusungula amalungelo omnikazi we-IP.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi uhlehle futhi uqonde ukuthi yize imikhiqizo efana neSuper Mario, Metroid, Animal Crossing, kanye nazo zonke ezinye eziphethwe uNintendo zikhonzwa abalandeli emhlabeni wonke, akekho onelungelo lokuzithola. Ungabheki kude kunomugqa wephephandaba lika-Bill Watterson's Calvin & Hobbes kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980s kanye nama-'90s ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokhu. UWatterson udume kabi ngokwenqaba ukuvumela amahlaya akhe ukuthi aguqulwe abe yintengiso yanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Awekho amakhalenda, awekho amathoyizi, awekho izilwane ezigxishiwe—u-Watterson walwa nezinyo nesipikili neqembu lamaphephandaba ukuze avimbele uCalvin noHobbes ekubeni enye into ngaphandle komdwebo wamahlaya namaqoqo ezincwadi zawo. Waze wasabisa ngokuthi ngeke aphinde adwebe isiqeshana ukuze agcine umbono wakhe. Ekugcineni, izifiso zikaWatterson zahlonishwa futhi kuze kube namuhla azikho izinto ezingokomthetho zeCalvin & Hobbes ezithengiswayo. Abalandeli abanalutho ngaphandle kokutuswa uCalvin & Hobbes, kodwa lokho akusoze kwalahla noma kumnqobe u-Watterson ekubeni nendlela yakhe ne-IP yakhe.
Ungangizwa kabi—lezi zinto zingase zimbi ngempela. Endabeni ye-Etika Joy-Con, ngiyamzwela ngempela u-Blake kanye namayunithi angu-200 angasakwazi ukuwathengisa. Akayona inkampani futhi ngokuqinisekile kumlahlekisele imali eningi nomzamo ukwenza amagobolondo enziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhloso zakhe zinhle. Nokho, nakuba ngizwelana naye, izwe likwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukungakhethi lapho uphatha amalungelo akho. Nika abantu intshi futhi bazoyithatha imayela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, njengoba nje ngisekela uNintendo noma yimuphi omunye umdali onquma ukuvikela i-IP yabo, ngicabanga ukuthi ngandlela thile iNintendo ingaba nokungacabangeli.
Isibonelo esihle salokhu ama-oda okwehlisa amaculo egeyimu ye-Nintendo ku-YouTube. UNintendo akanalo irekhodi elingcono kakhulu uma kuziwa ekusizeni emizamweni yokulondoloza umdlalo. Inqwaba yemidlalo yakudala nomculo wayo ivalelekile ekugugeni futhi, ikakhulukazi njengoba isikhathi sihamba, induduzo yokufa. I-YouTube ivumela abantu ukuthi balondoloze lezi zingcezu zesofthiwe ukuze bazuze izizukulwane ezizayo, isenzo esiya siba nzima kakhulu njengoba kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukushisa le midlalo namasistimu amadala. Uma u-Nintendo efuna ukungenela futhi avimbele othile ekwenzeni imali ngomculo, impela, ngingakusekela lokho—akukona lokho okudalwe yi-YouTuber. Nokho, ukwehliswa ngokuphelele kubonakala kungenangqondo.
Angicabangi ukuthi kudingeka kube into ehlangene ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo e-IP kuyilapho kuvunyelwa izinga lokufinyelela elilinganiswa ngokucophelela lapho isimo singabonwa futhi silawulwe kalula. Ukuxhasa abadlali, ukuvumela imidlalo ye-homebrew nama-mods-kulapha lapho engingakuqonda khona ukumelana ne-Nintendo ngoba kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukuqapha nokulandelela inqwaba yabantu namaphrojekthi angaba yinkinga ngandlela thize emgwaqeni. Izinto ezilula njengezingoma ze-YouTube, nokho, zibukeka sengathi zingaqukethwe kalula futhi azibonisi izinga lokusongela okungaba khona engingakuqinisekisa. Vumela abalandeli babe negumbi lokunyakazisa lapho kulula futhi kuzinzile ukwenza kanjalo.
Lapho ngehla khona ngiqine kakhulu kusekuphikisaneni kwami nomqondo wesixuku osungene kubasebenzisi abaningi bezokuxhumana. Umbono okufanele wonke umuntu akwenze ukufaka ukulingana ku-inthanethi, uthole isixuku sabantu esikloloda ku-Twitter, futhi bazothola indlela yabo ngaso leso sikhathi. Inkundla yezokuxhumana ingakhuthaza ushintsho oluhle kanye nokuvukela okudingekile, kodwa futhi isiphenduke inqola yokucabanga okungenangqondo ehlanganiswe futhi isekelwe ngaphandle kwesinye isizathu ngaphandle kokugwema ukungqubuzana. Kwesinye isikhathi impendulo yesicelo ithi “cha.” Kuyisifundo engicabanga ukuthi abanye abantu kumele baqale ukuzijwayelana naso. Ingabe iNintendo kufanele yenze okwengeziwe ukuze inikeze ukufinyelela okunengqondo ezicini ze-IP yayo? Ngingathola ngemuva kwalokho. Engingakwazi ukukusalela emuva “yisizukulwane sesidingo” esikholelwa ukuthi sinelungelo lanoma yini nakho konke. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwalezi zigxobo ezimbili kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba inkundla yezokuxhumana iqhubeka nokugcwala kuyo yonke inkulumo-mpikiswano nezingxoxo thina njengomphakathi esihlanganyela kuzo. I-Nintendo ingenza kangcono, kodwa abalandeli kufanele behlise abakulindele, futhi.
